Formal Elements 
of Art and Design

Formal elements are building blocks for two-dimensional design.
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Fundamentals of Design


Elements of Art

The elements of art are the building blocks used by artists to create a work of art.
  • Line
  • Shape
  • Form
  • Space
  • Color
  • Texture

Principles of Design

The principles of design describe the ways that artists use the elements of art in a work of art.
  • Balance
  • Emphasis
  • Movement
  • Pattern
  • Repetition
  • Proportion
  • Rhythm
  • Variety
  • Unity

Layout & Composition

Layout & Composition: The building blocks and structure make it easier to navigate the composition.
  • Proximity
  • White Space
  • Alignment
  • Contrast
  • Repetition

Extras

  • ​Graphic Design Basics | Thought.co
  • The 8 Elements of Composition in Art | Thought.co
  • Art Composition Rules: The Rule of Thirds | Thought.co
  • Principles of Design | Getty.edu
  • 6 Principles of Design | Visual.ly
  • The 7 Principles of Design | 99 Designs
Chris Matusek | Copyright © 2025
  • Home
  • Design Topics
    • 3-Step Design Process
    • Interface and Net Art
    • Logo Design
    • Professional Practices >
      • Portfolio Design
      • Archiving Work
    • Typography >
      • History of Type
  • Vocabulary
    • Formal Elements >
      • Design Topics
    • Resources
    • Tutorials
  • News
  • Market MV
  • Exhibitions
    • JSAE 25-26
    • Visual Voices - 2024-11